![]() ![]() ![]() Several techniques exist for determining dyes present in different samples, e.g., high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC–UV), electrochemistry, and spectrophotometry 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. Very low consumption of organic solvent, high recovery, low cost, and short extraction time are the major advantages of the SPME method 9, 10. Next, the adsorbed species are washed with a proper solvent, followed by analysis and measurement by analytical instruments. In this method, the desired species are adsorbed and concentrated using a solid phase or a solid coating. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a widely used technique for separating and preconcentrating organic and inorganic analytes from aqueous samples 7, 8. This technique isolates and pre-concentrates trace amounts of analytes from the sample matrix. The extraction process is the most common sample preparation method 6. Sample preparation involves converting the real sample matrix into a state that is suitable for analysis by separation techniques or other methods. The sample preparation is the main step in an analysis process that guarantees to obtain the desired results. However, prolonged exposure to these dyes can cause localized burns, nausea, increased sweating, mental disorders, and even cancer in humans and animals 3, 4, 5. Also, AO and MB dyes are among the most widely used and important dyes for dyeing cotton, paper, wool, and silk. AO contains solid yellow crystals, and MB has blue crystals. Dyes are non-degradable and stable pollutants released into the environment in the same way along with untreated effluents of various industries 1, 2.Īuramine O (AO) and methylene blue (MB) are two dyes studied in the present research. Even low concentrations of these dyes can change the color of the water. Wastewater from various industries such as dyeing, wood, leather, and fish farming contain dyes and is considered the source of environmental pollution. Therefore, UA-DMNSPME-UV/Vis method can be proposed as an efficient method for preconcentration and extraction of AO and MB from water and wastewater samples. The interference studies revealed that the presence of different ions did not interfere substantially with the extraction and determination of AO and MB. The adsorption–desorption studies showed that the efficiency of adsorbent extraction had not declined significantly up to 6 recycling runs, and the adsorbent could be used several times. In addition, the relative standard deviation (RSD n = 5) of the mentioned analytes was between 2.9% and 3.1%. The linear range of this method for AO and MB were 1–1000 ng mL −1 and 5–2000 ng mL −1, respectively. The PF was 44.5, and LOD for AO and MB was 0.33 ng mL −1 and 1.66 ng mL −1, respectively. Short extraction time, low experimental tests, low consumption of organic solvent, low limits of detection (LOD), and high preconcentration factor (PF) was the advantages of method. Parameters affecting the extraction of AO and MB were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). ![]() The proposed technique is low-cost, facile, fast, and compatible with many existing instrumental methods. For this purpose, the ultrasound-assisted dispersive-magnetic nanocomposites-solid-phase microextraction (UA-DMNSPME) method was performed to extract AO and MB from aqueous samples by applying magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs). In this study, we investigated the process of preconcentrate and determine trace amounts of Auramine O (AO) and methylene blue (MB) dyes in environmental water samples. ![]()
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